Antwain K. Hunter, Ph.D.
Philip Gerard
Spencer Crew, Ph.D.
Vernon Burton, Ph.D.
Peter C. Murray, Ph.D.
Kelli Walsh, Ph.D.
Adrienne Israel, Ph.D.
Harry Watson, Ph.D.
Antebellum
Before the Civil War, the region’s geography, population, economics, and laws shaped the diverse lives of North Carolinians. Enslaved and free Black people rebelled against the institution of enslavement through violent revolt…
The Civil War
After the election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln in November 1860, South Carolina and seven other states seceded before he took office, but President Buchanan did not initiate hostilities…
Emancipation
In May 1861, General Benjamin F. Butler gave semi-protected status and partial freedom to enslaved people who escaped to Union lines from Confederate territory, considering them essentially “contraband of…
Reconstruction
President Andrew Johnson’s limited Presidential Reconstruction prioritized reconciliation between the North and South. Its effect was to restore the status quo regarding old wealth and power in the South and the political oppression of…
Post-Reconstruction
In the 1880s, struggling farmers united in the Farmers’ Alliance, a national movement that sought agricultural reform and railroad oversight, and formed groups throughout the South…
